Towards an Accessible, Noninvasive Micronutrient Status Assessment Method: A Comprehensive Review of Existing Techniques
Published in arXiv, 2024
A culmination of 2 years of interdisciplinary research at the UVA Human-AI Technology Lab that I have led since my first year. This survey paper examines how the global issue of micronutrient malnutrition has been addressed, exhaustively bridging the clinical and technological aspects of micronutrient status assessment to provide insights and recommendations for future work to effectively address this problem. Submitted to ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare.
Abstract
Nutrients are critical to the functioning of the human body and their imbalance can result in detrimental health concerns. The majority of nutritional literature focuses on macronutrients, often ignoring the more critical nuances of micronutrient balance, which require more precise regulation. Currently, micronutrient status is routinely assessed via complex methods that are arduous for both the patient and the clinician. To address the global burden of micronutrient malnutrition, innovations in assessment must be accessible and noninvasive. In support of this task, this article synthesizes useful background information on micronutrients themselves, reviews the state of biofluid and physiological analyses for their assessment, and presents actionable opportunities to push the field forward. By taking a unique, clinical perspective that is absent from technological research on the topic, we find that the state of the art suffers from limited clinical relevance, a lack of overlap between biofluid and physiological approaches, and highly invasive and inaccessible solutions. Future work has the opportunity to maximize the impact of a novel assessment method by incorporating clinical relevance, the holistic nature of micronutrition, and prioritizing accessible and noninvasive systems.